Athena Perspectives

Tackling Teacher Shortages in Nigeria: Recruitment, Training, and Retention Strategies

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Download the full edition:   Executive Summary Nigeria’s basic education system faces a deepening teacher shortage that threatens learning outcomes and long‑term national development. Only 915,000 teachers currently serve 31.8 million pupils, resulting in a teacher–pupil ratio of 1:35, well above the UNESCO benchmark of 1:25. Recruitment has stalled, with eighteen states failing to hire […]

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From Political Pluralism to Party Predominance: Rethinking Defections in Nigeria’s Democracy

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Download the full edition: Executive Summary Nigeria’s democracy faces significant threat from the escalating trend of political defections, particularly the mass exodus of opposition figures to the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC). This policy brief, From Political Pluralism to Party Predominance: Rethinking Defections in Nigeria’s Democracy, highlights how this anomaly undermines political pluralism, weakens institutions, and

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Rethinking Women’s Empowerment in Nigeria: From Rhetoric to Reform

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Download the full edition: Introduction Despite years of policy dialogue and global frameworks, Nigerian women still face formidable hurdles in political inclusion, economic opportunity, and access to education. These gaps are not merely gender issues; they represent fundamental development failures. With women holding only 3.9% of seats in the House of Representatives and 3.1% in

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The State of Democracy in Nigeria: Assessing Progress and Challenges

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Download the full edition: The 2023 general elections were meant to renew hope in Nigeria’s democracy. Instead, they deepened public doubt. What should have been a celebration of progress became a reminder of how fragile the system still is. With only 27% of registered voters turning out, the lowest since the return to civilian rule

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The Impact of Poor Infrastructure on the Cost of Goods Transportation in Nigeria

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Introduction  Infrastructure serves as the backbone of economic development, playing a pivotal role in the movement of goods and services across regions. In Nigeria, however, poor infrastructure remains a fundamental bottleneck in the supply chain, significantly driving up the cost of transporting goods. According to the World Bank transport costs in Nigeria account for as

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Education Under Fire: Learning in Conflict-Affected Areas – Policy Options from Two Local Governments of Plateau State

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Download the full edition: Executive Summary Ongoing violence in Plateau State – particularly in the Bokkos and Bassa LGAs—has devastated the educational ecosystem. Students in transitional classes (Primary 6, JSS3, SS3) have faced school closures, forced displacement, and psychological trauma. This brief explores the consequences of such violence and offers actionable policy options to ensure

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Diphtheria’s Deadly Resurgence: A Vaccine Shortage Scandal in Nigeria

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Download the full report: Diphtheria is a dangerous bacterial infection that can damage a person’s nose, throat, and occasionally skin. Corynebacterium species are the cause of it, primarily the toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but also, infrequently, strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. An adhesive membrane covering the tonsils, throat, and/or nose is linked to the

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Tackling Gender inequality, GBV for economic and social growth in Nigeria  

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Download the full version: The World Economic Forum estimates that it will take 134 years that is until 2158  for women  to be at par with their male counterpart in the gender parity statistical measurement of  the equality of female and male  in a given area. Worldwide, the employment-to-population ratio has consistently been far greater

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Violence against the Nigeria Police Force: Causes and Consequences

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Introduction. In recent time, following the events of the ENDSARS protest in 2020, the escalation of violence against law enforcement officers, specifically the killing and molestation of policemen tasked with upholding law and order, has emerged as a significant concern.  This new wave of violence against the police significantly impacts the effectiveness of law enforcement,

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